Current Issue : July - September Volume : 2013 Issue Number : 3 Articles : 6 Articles
Background: With the rising demand for osseointegrated titanium implants for replacing missing teeth, often in\r\npatients with a history of periodontitis, implant-related infections have become an issue of growing concern. Novel\r\nmethods for treating and preventing implant-associated infections are urgently needed. The aim of this study was\r\nto investigate if different pH, atmosphere and surface properties could restrict bacterial adhesion to titanium\r\nsurfaces used in dental implants.\r\nMethods: Titanium discs with machined or anodized (TiUniteââ??¢) surface were incubated with a co-culture of\r\nStreptococcus mitis and Actinomyces oris (early colonizers of oral surfaces) at pH 5.0, 7.0 and 9.0 at aerobic or\r\nanaerobic atmosphere. The adhesion was analysed by counting colony forming (CFU) units on agar and by\r\nconfocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM).\r\nResults: The CFU analysis showed that a pH of 5.0 was found to significantly decrease the adhesion of S. mitis, and\r\nan aerobic atmosphere, the adhesion of A. oris. S. mitis was found in significantly less amounts on the anodized\r\nsurface than the machined surface, while A. oris was found in equal amounts on both surfaces. The CLSM analysis\r\nconfirmed the results from the CFU count and provided additional information on how the two oral commensal\r\nspecies adhered to the surfaces: mainly in dispersed clusters oriented with the groves of the machined surface and\r\nthe pores of the anodized surface.\r\nConclusions: Bacterial adhesion by S. mitis and A. oris can be restricted by acidic pH and aerobic atmosphere. The\r\nanodized surface reduced the adhesion of S. mitis compared to the machined surface; while A. oris adhered equally\r\nwell to the pores of the anodized surface and to the grooves of the machined surface. It is difficult to transfer these\r\nresults directly into a clinical situation. However, it is worth further investigating these findings from an in vitro\r\nperspective, as well as clinically, to gain more knowledge of the effects acid pH and aerobic atmosphere have on\r\ninitial bacterial adhesion....
Background: This was a method comparison study. The aim of study was to compare caries information obtained\r\nfrom a full mouth visual examination using the method developed by the British Association for the Study of\r\nCommunity Dentistry (BASCD) for epidemiological surveys with caries data obtained from eight, six and four\r\nintra-oral digital photographs of index teeth in two groups of children aged 5 years and 10/11 years.\r\nMethods: Five trained and calibrated examiners visually examined the whole mouth of 240 5-year-olds and 250\r\n10-/11-year-olds using the BASCD method. The children also had intra-oral digital photographs taken of index\r\nteeth. The same 5 examiners assessed the intra-oral digital photographs (in groups of 8, 6 and 4 intra-oral\r\nphotographs) for caries using the BASCD criteria; dmft/DMFT were used to compute Weighted Kappa Statistic as a\r\nmeasure of intra-examiner reliability and intra-class correlation coefficients as a measure of inter-examiner reliability\r\nfor each method. A method comparison analysis was performed to determine the 95% limits of agreement for all\r\nfive examiners, comparing the visual examination method with the photographic assessment method using 8, 6\r\nand 4 intra-oral photographs.\r\nResults: The intra-rater reliability for the visual examinations ranged from 0.81 to 0.94 in the 5-year-olds and 0.90 to\r\n0.97 in the 10-/11-year-olds. Those for the photographic assessments in the 5-year-olds were for 8 intra-oral\r\nphotographs, 0.86 to 0.94, for 6 intra-oral photographs, 0.85 to 0.98 and for 4 intra-oral photographs, 0.80 to 0.96;\r\nfor the 10-/11-year-olds were for 8 intra-oral photographs 0.84 to 1.00, for 6 intra-oral photographs 0.82 to 1.00 and\r\nfor 4 intra-oral photographs 0.72 to 0.98. The 95% limits of agreement were -1.997 to 1.967, -2.375 to 2.735 and\r\n-2.250 to 2.921 respectively for the 5-year-olds and -2.614 to 2.027, -2.179 to 3.887 and -2.594 to 2.163 respectively\r\nfor the 10-/11-year-olds.\r\nConclusions: The photographic assessment method, particularly assessment of 8 intra-oral digital photographs is\r\ncomparable to the visual examination method in the primary dentition. With the additional benefits of archiving,\r\nremote scoring, allowing multiple scorers to score images and enabling longitudinal analysis, the photographic\r\nassessment method may be used as an alternative caries detection method in the primary dentition in situations\r\nwhere the visual examination method may not be applicable such as when examiner blinding is required and in\r\npractice based randomised controlled trials (RCTs)....
Background: The maxillary anterior teeth are important in achieving pleasing dental aesthetics. Various methods\r\nare used to measure the size and form of them, including the golden proportion between their perceived widths,\r\nand the width-to-height ratio, referred to as the golden standard. The purpose of this study was conducted to\r\nevaluate whether consistent relationships exist between tooth width and height of the clinical crown dimensions;\r\nand to investigate the occurrence of the golden proportion of the maxillary anterior teeth.\r\nMethods: Dental casts of the maxillary arches were made in this cross-sectional study from MAHSA University\r\nCollege students who met the inclusion criteria. The 49 participants represented the Malaysian population main\r\nethnics. The dimensions of the anterior teeth and the perceived width of anterior teeth viewed from front were\r\nmeasured using a digital caliper.\r\nResults: Comparison of the perceived width ratio of lateral to central incisor and canine to lateral incisor with the\r\ngolden proportion of 0.618 revealed there were a significant statistical difference (p < 0.05). The statistical difference\r\nwas significant for the width-to-height ratio of central incisors to the golden standard of 80%. There was no\r\nsignificant difference in the comparison among ethnic groups for the golden proportion and the golden standard.\r\nConclusions: The golden proportion was not found to exist between the perceived widths of maxillary anterior\r\nteeth. No golden standard were detected for the width-to-height proportions of maxillary incisors. Specific\r\npopulation characteristics and perception of beauty must be considered. However, ethnicity has no association with\r\nthe proportions of maxillary anterior teeth....
Background: Baseline and trend data for oral and pharyngeal cancer incidence is limited. A new algorithm was\r\nderived using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare linked database to create an\r\nalgorithm to identify incident cases of oral and pharyngeal cancer using Medicare claims.\r\nMethods: Using a split-sample approach, Medicare claims� procedure and diagnosis codes were used to generate a\r\nnew algorithm to identify oral and pharyngeal cancer cases and validate its operating characteristics.\r\nResults: The algorithm had high sensitivity (95%) and specificity (97%), which varied little by age group, sex, and\r\nrace and ethnicity.\r\nConclusion: Examples of the utility of this algorithm and its operating characteristics include using it to derive\r\nbaseline and trend estimates of oral and pharyngeal cancer incidence. Such measures could be used to provide\r\nincidence estimates where they are lacking or to serve as comparator estimates for tumor registries....
Background: Dental caries is highly prevalent and a significant public health problem among children throughout\r\nthe world. Epidemiological data regarding prevalence of dental caries amongst Pakistani pre-school children is very\r\nlimited. The objective of this study is to determine the frequency of dental caries among pre-school children of\r\nSaddar Town, Karachi, Pakistan and the factors related to caries.\r\nMethods: A cross-sectional study of 1000 preschool children was conducted in Saddar town, Karachi. Two-stage\r\ncluster sampling was used to select the sample. At first stage, eight clusters were selected randomly from total 11\r\nclusters. In second stage, from the eight selected clusters, preschools were identified and children between 3- to\r\n6-years age group were assessed for dental caries.\r\nResults: Caries prevalence was 51% with a mean dmft score being 2.08 (�±2.97) of which decayed teeth constituted\r\n1.95. The mean dmft of males was 2.3 (�±3.08) and of females was 1.90 (�±2.90). The mean dmft of 3, 4, 5 and 6- year\r\nolds was 1.65, 2.11, 2.16 and 3.11 respectively. A significant association was found between dental caries and\r\nfollowing variables: age group of 4-years (p-value < 0.029, RR = 1.248, 95% Bias corrected CI 0.029-0.437) and 5-years\r\n(p-value < 0.009, RR = 1.545, 95% Bias corrected CI 0.047-0.739), presence of dental plaque (p-value < 0.003, RR =\r\n0.744, 95% Bias corrected CI (-0.433)-(-0.169)), poor oral hygiene (p-value < 0.000, RR = 0.661, 95% Bias corrected CI\r\n(-0.532)-(-0.284)), as well as consumption of non-sweetened milk (p-value < 0.049, RR = 1.232, 95% Bias corrected CI\r\n0.061-0.367).\r\nConclusion: Half of the preschoolers had dental caries coupled with a high prevalence of unmet dental treatment\r\nneeds. Association between caries experience and age of child, consumption of non-sweetened milk, dental plaque\r\nand poor oral hygiene had been established....
Background: There is limited evidence on possible associations between social determinants and dental pain. This\r\nstudy investigated the relationship of neighborhood and individual social capital with dental pain in adolescents,\r\nadults and the elderly.\r\nMethods: A population-based multilevel study was conducted involving 624 subjects from 3 age groups: 15ââ?¬â??19,\r\n35ââ?¬â??44 and 65ââ?¬â??74 years. They were randomly selected from 30 census tracts in three cities in the State of ParaÃ?Âba,\r\nBrazil. A two-stage cluster sampling was used considering census tracts and households as sampling units. The\r\noutcome of study was the presence of dental pain in the last 6 months. Information on dental pain, demographic,\r\nsocio-economic, health-related behaviors, use of dental services, self-perceived oral health and social capital\r\nmeasures was collected through interviews. Participants underwent a clinical examination for assessment of dental\r\ncaries. Neighborhood social capital was evaluated using aggregated measures of social trust, social control,\r\nempowerment, political efficacy and neighborhood safety. Individual social capital assessment included bonding\r\nand bridging social capital. Multilevel logistic regression was used to test the relationship of neighborhood and\r\nindividual social capital with dental pain after sequential adjustment for covariates.\r\nResults: Individuals living in neighborhoods with high social capital were 52% less likely to report dental pain than\r\nthose living in neighborhoods with low social capital (OR = 0.48, 95% CI = 0.27-0.85). Bonding social capital\r\n(positive interaction) was independently associated with dental pain (OR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.80-0.91). Last dental visit,\r\nself-perceived oral health and number of decayed teeth were also significantly associated with dental pain.\r\nConclusions: Our findings suggest that contextual and individual social capital are independently associated with\r\ndental pain....
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